Essay --

The number of children who enter foster care is rapidly growing; however, there are not enough foster parents for these children. Children are placed into foster care because of neglect, abuse and many other reasons. Foster parents are single individuals or married couples who become licensed to serve as caretakers for foster children. Foster parents are very important because they help the child grow and by providing love and affection, and even stability while they are away from birth parents. The purpose of this review is to increase the awareness about foster parenting and finding ways to recruit parents to create successful foster placements. A research study shows that twenty-two licensed foster parents at a parent training session with the Louisiana Department of Social Services was compare to the role perceptions of White and African American foster parents, (Nabusti, York, & Sandell, 2004). This study found that there are some differences and similarities in White and African American foster parents. They collected data from 128 African Americans and 65 White foster parents. This study proved that African American parents are likely to take care of children who are related to them; nonetheless, they isolate themselves from child welfare agencies, (Nabusti et al., 2004). In this study, foster parents revealed they were responsible for creating a relationship between the foster child and birth parents, assisting the child with social and emotional development, helping the foster agency operate easier, providing the child with traditional parental roles, and establishing spiritual relationships with the child (Nabus ti et al, 2004). This study proved that African American foster parent think it is extremely important t... ...t that we understand the foster care system and its process as well. Finding ways to recruit foster parents is very important. All of the studies discussed above have found ways to recruit foster parents, give advice to foster parents to make foster placement successful, and even compared the African American and White foster family perceptions on foster care. The foster care system is very serious and proper foster placements are very much needed. While researching recruiting foster parents, I noticed that church or organizations have not hosted a foster recruitment day to increase interested families awareness on how to become a foster parent. Hosting an educational seminar on the importance of foster families and explaining to the audience on how to become foster parents would be an effective way to increase the awareness of interested foster families.

Analyse, compare and contrast some poems by Roger Mcgough with other related poems

Roger Mc gough is a well-known English performance poet who was born in November 9 1937. Mcgough was born in Litherland in North Liverpool a city where he is firmly associated. He was educated at the University of Hull. Currently he presents a radio programme on BBC four known as Poetry please and he records voiceover for commercial as well as performing his own poetry regularly. He writes poetry drama fiction and screen plays. He was a pop star who was in the band â€Å"scaffold†. Mcgough is a poet who relates his poem to the issues, which really affect the people directly or indirectly. The poems in the coursework are â€Å"The lesson† which is a poem, which tackles issue of Capital punishment. It is themed on teachers and students but the punishment taken over there is totally different. The next poem is about funeral blues, which is written by WH Auden. This poem is the grief of the loss of his partner and we could say that might be the inspiration to write this poem and share the grief with the rest of the world. Then we move on to stop the entire car. This is the parody of Funeral blues written by Roger Mcgough who is also writing the poem on the grief of losing the metro which went extinct after a few of years of it production and this poem is dedicated to the fans of the Metro. The next poem is Don Lockwood, which was then turned into s famous song, writes the Singing in the rain heavy. Love is abstract and there is nothing in this world that literally expresses love, but the poet of this poem has turned love into joy and that is the theme behind this poem. The title stands for itself- a man singing in the rain because he is in love. The last poem is the parody of the poem, which is known as stinging in the rain, which is written by Roger Mcgough. This poem is about tackling with global issues right now, which concerns most of the people, which is acid rain. The titles Roger Mcgough uses for his poem stands out itself. It delivers the message to the audience instantly and the audience knows what they can expect from this as no surprise is created in Roger Mcgough's creations. Titles have a dramatic effect on the capability of attracting the audience to read the poem and the titles Roger Mcgough uses are straight to the point. Let's start off with the Lesson. Roger Mc Gough. The poet has introduced a new theme for the poetry world. The theme is hard to believe in reality. The lesson is all about violence and Mcgough has taken this all the way through his poem. There are only two types of characters in this poem and they are the teacher and the students. The difference of the poem starts off from whereas in the poem the teacher is a cruel and hard minded person whereas in reality it turns to be a role model for the students. The background or the plot is that capital punishment happens in classroom. In 1980 UK corporal punishment in school was not rare and based on that Roger took it one step further and thought of having capital punishment in classroom. In this poem a lot is going on such as violence death pain humour etc. Rogher Mcgough has started off with reality as you walk in a classroom you could hear the noise of students screaming and this is how he starts off too. â€Å"Chaos ruled OK in the classroom†. The line in this describes that the students are the ruler of the classroom who has the authority. This sentence is a parody as Roger Mcgough has used this words in which he was familiar off as the words â€Å"Chaos ruled OK† was common in 1980's. Roger Mcgough through the First line he has introduced the students to the reader and the next aim was to show to the readers about the teachers as he says, â€Å"bravely teacher walked in†. This sentence shows that the teacher comes over to the classroom to take over the control and the authority back from the students. This is what happens in reality but from now the silence of the poem begins. The poet use violent language to show the intensity of the poem to the reader. He says, â€Å"Havoc wreaker ignored him†. In this section he is assigning havoc wreakers as students as they are the trouble causers. From the strong words the poet wants to show that he regained the control over the classroom. This shows that he made a vibrant start to the lesson and now he is going to teach a lesson to the children. A lesson that they will never forget. The words he used to describe them are so intense. The word â€Å"havoc wreaker† is so strong and is so exuberant that it terrifies the audience. Every lesson is based on a theme, and in this too the teacher starts off by saying the theme â€Å"The theme for today is violence†. Roger Mcgough wants to include violence everywhere he can because that is the plot for the poem. He uses many words to give the poem the pace and tone to the stanzas. Words such as throttled him then and there, garrotted the girl have the tone and energy given to it. Then he says â€Å"the one with the grotty hair† The words used here are alliteration such as â€Å"throttled† and â€Å"garrotted† as mentioned earlier. This word not only give the tone but give the punch and flow to it and keeps it at a constant flow rather than including hard words so that it would make s stop to the sentence and then continue. The mood of the poem is very scary as through reading the poem it shows several different aspects such as silence blood death and all scary things together. So through this it created the mood and atmosphere, which is negative. Roger Mcgough is spreading the seeds of violence throughout the poem. The poem says that â€Å"First come first severed†. He used dark humour to spice up the poem. The actual words were â€Å"first come first severed†. Here he created a pun of violence. He used this ironically to exaggerate things As we move on the words of his poems have got a lot of meanings in it such as taking this two sentence and comparing it. â€Å"It struck with deadly aim† and he â€Å"continued with the game†. The two sentences first of all have got a rhyme in it such as aim and game. In this he used many similes and it has very depth meaning. â€Å"The first blast cleared the back row they collapsed like rubber dinghies† This line in this section is a simile. As we look at rubber dinghies, these are the materials kids play with and Roger Mcgough compared it as collapsing which something terrible is happening from a kid's perspective and this shows a contrast. Again he uses personification in this poem such as â€Å"Silence shuffle forwards†. Again there is a contrast as in reality that silence can't shuffle forwards but Mcgough brought that to life. He uses Rhyme and rhythm for the poems and this structured the poem very well. In this poem the rhyme is organised in the second and the fourth lines of the stanzas. Such as â€Å"aim† and â€Å"game†, this gives a punch to the poem and these speeds up the line which are known as the iambic pentameter. He brought the soul into the words and that is one of the characteristics which would separate him from other poets Now as I move on to the conclusion Roger mc gough did not create this poem so that capital punishment would take place in school but to show to the world about the issues that are happening in this world. As Tom and Jerry, itchy and scratchy through violence conveyed a message it is the same what roger Mcgough is doing. He wrote this poem to show the violence to the world though a comical manner. In this poem another thought he brings is the current situation of the world where peace and calm no longer exists in the way it existed. Roger Mcgough explores the black and treacherous world out there which includes the cruelties that is happening to children. He is exploring the different levels at which some children's are being tortured in this world and this is a wake up call for the people torturing to show some humane behaviour towards them. The poem shows that the outer world is harsh and it is hard to live in this sinful world. Roger Mcgough just wrote some words into a paper but the meaning of it is endless. Now let's go to Funeral blues and stop all the cars. Roger Mcgough's titles are straight to the point and the evidence to back it up for this is the title for this poem. It is â€Å"Funeral blues†. It doesn't show to the audience on what the can expect clearly. In the poem Funeral blues the poet WH. Auden expresses his grief of the death of his lover by commanding to the people. Auden uses his imagery to convey the feeling of sadness to the world. He does this by commanding to the people. He says to the people â€Å"Stop all the cloaks† he is commanding this to the people to stop all the noises of clocks and let it remain in silence. The message also conveys that he wants the time to be stopped. This is the time his lover died and he wants to make the time still so he could enchant the precious moments. He wanted to take the time, back to the stage where his lover was alive and he wants all the imagination of them together. In the second stanza the tone he uses is the tone of despair. He says, â€Å"Let aeroplane circle overhead†. This again shows the assertiveness he brings into the poem. He is commanding in that sentence. At the first stanza he was commanding everyone to stop everything literally. By this he meant was to stop the world and now in the second stanza he wants to bring back all the noises of the aeroplane and wants to show his feelings and emotions out to the world and how much the lover meant to him and. This shows a contrast between two different thoughts. He is asking to bring back to extremities of nature. He is using the words, which is exaggerated or is hyperbole. He is asking for something, which is almost impossible One of the key element which has to be pointed out is that Roger Mcgough has structured the poem very well as the first two stanzas just show that he is commanding to the people and he wants it to be done but the real fact is no one has the time and patience to do this all. Again he commands, â€Å"Let the traffic policeman wear black cotton gloves†. These commands are not done by any of the people. They wont be doing this all because they don't know the seriousness of this or they don't feel the love given to his lover. This sentence asking the policemen to wear black cotton gloves is a sign of respect and honour giving to the body but in the real world no one is doing it. Next is when someone die you would inform the relatives and share the grief but the poet uses a different way to convey the message to the world. He says â€Å"Scribbling on the sky the message he is dead†. This sentence shows that he is doing the maximum to get peoples attention and he wants people to share his grief with the people but here is no one out there in the world who cares about the death of the lover of the poet. The first two stanzas of the poem were all about the command and to do this and that. He wanted the things he said to be done but the stanzas in the last two stanzas rather than using imperatives for it he uses a different theme and create that imagery mood over there. He describes to people that the lover was everything to him. Every second of his life he enjoyed living with his lover. He describes to people that by saying â€Å"He was my North, my south, my east and west†. The poet is saying that he was everywhere, wherever he goes his lover was with him as the poet goes â€Å"He was my working week and Sunday rest†. That describes that the poet wherever he was the lover as with him always. Then the pattern he created was different as the penultimate stanza it described all the love and emotion of the love and now to the last stanza it goes back again to commands but there is a difference he makes and it is that in the first and second stanza it is all about man made things and which is about our environment as aeroplanes policeman clocks etc but he is making a command to the nature as he says â€Å"Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun; pour away the ocean and dismantle the wood†. The grief is so heavy that he asks for the things, which is literally impossible to accomplish. This shows the intensity of romance he has towards his lover. He would do anything for his lover because the lover was so precious to him. Auden in this poem all together he created a mood which starts off very sadly as he commands to everyone to share his grief and at last a tone comes in which shows that he has given up everything. STOP ALL THE CARS This poem is the parody of funeral blues written by Roger Cough. Many people would regard parody as making the poem into a comical way but Roger Mcgough has done different. He has chosen a topic which was close to his heart and was loved my many people. He realises the pain WH Auden went through and he is writing an adapted version of it. This poem is all about taking the emotions and grief of WH Auden and brings in some of the funny thoughts of Roger and mixes them up. The poem is about the metro a car, which started its journey in 1980. This is a car, which was commonly used, but later the love towards it went down. It was a car, which was loved, by lot of people but later it had to stop its journey in 1998 because while it went through a safety check the result was terrible, as the product after the crash was just pieces of aluminium. Roger Mcgough took this idea all the way through and wrote a poem known as â€Å"Stop all the cars† which is based on funeral blues. The idea, which he wanted to convey through this poem, was that he was changing the grief and emotions of WH Auden and brought some fun into it. This poem is about metro, even though it had a terrible result people loved the car and he wrote about the performance of the car and how it went. As we go through the poem there are many similarities as the rhyme and rhythm was almost the same as in funeral Blues it starts off â€Å"stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone† but it changes into â€Å"Stop all the cars, cut off the ignition†. He brings backs the same tune but into more humorous manner. There are similarities between the poems as in funeral blues the poet says let the policemen wear black cotton gloves and it says that wear a black dress or a morning suit. He have brought the soul of funeral blues to the poem as in funeral blues it say that Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead and it says that Let the traffic lights remain red. The world I meant by soul is that he has used imperatives in the poem and that was the soul of funeral blues. There are more similarities in this poem as in the first line in the penultimate stanza of funeral blues it says that He was my north south my east and west and it says She was my rust bucket, my tin lizzie. So this shows that Mcgough have adopted the pattern to match the structure of the poem. There are some differences in this poem as in funeral blues he composed the poem in four short stanzas but in stop all the cars it is developed into five stanzas. The poem is composed in rhyming couplets and this makes the rhythm more feel. In funeral blues the first two stanzas are about the environments and man built things but as we go to the last two it changes to nature gifts but it is different as this poem is about the bad things of the car and at the end surprise affection towards the car. As we look at the overall effect of the poem Mcgough didn't want to put this in the serious way that he hates the metro or to make the fans of metro disappointed but he wanted to just make a parody of funeral blues and that was the main reason. Metro is a treasure for him because he has taken the time and effort to make a parody for this car, which shows his dedication ad his affection towards this car. Now we move on to Singing in the rain. This is a famous song from the movie singing in the rain. The poem is about a man who enjoys the rain. He is singing and dancing in the rain. The poem from the start gives a glimpse to the reader that the poem is about happiness because of the title itself. The title is the main attraction of the poem and the poet takes this to the next level as he sings the humming â€Å"Doo-dloo-doo-doo-doo† This humming is melodious and this maintains the happiness of the poem. The poet gradually uses this happiness into love as he says â€Å"What a glorious feeling†. This symbolises that even though it is harsh weather the man is enjoying the rain because he is in love. The poet writes I am â€Å"laughing at clouds† this shows that his imagination of love is created is created in the clouds and this explains how happy he is being in love. Every film has a twist in it and the same has happened here. The poem begins with a positive vibe but as it gradually goes the tone and the feeling goes into a negative stage because of the words he use. The poet says, â€Å"Let the stormy clouds chase†. By this sentence he have taken off the all happiness atmosphere above and brought it back to normal. He has structured the rain as tears and the star as sadness is up above and stormy cloud and the ultimate outcome from it is rain. The other one is â€Å"So dark up above†. This sentence brings in harsh words â€Å"Dark†. These words take all the love and emotions from the poem away from anyone. This word happy has been use a lot in the poem and this is the background of the poem and he has stressed on it. The poet wants to show to the reader that the mans life is full of life as he writes â€Å"A life full of you†. This shows that he is in love to the extreme level Now lets move on to Stinging in the rain, which is the parody of Singing in the rain written by Roger Mcgough. He is a poet who tackled issues happening globally and some of the examples are the lesson, which tackles capital punishment. The poem also tackles serious issues, which is acid rain. He brings the intensity of the issue to the poem just by words. It similar to the lesson in many ways as there is extreme violence and touch of humour in the poem. To start he gave the reader a thinking message by giving the title to read â€Å"stinging in the rain†. There is a repetition if this line in the poem and this brings a flow to the start of the poem. He brings lots of techniques to the poem such as verbs and one of them was â€Å"burning my flesh, boiling my brain†. This verb adds some extra effect as this is happening things and they all are strong words such as such as â€Å"burning† and â€Å"boiling† they all gives it an extra punch to the poem. In the poem the poet brings a bit of rhyme as he says â€Å"crying and frying†. These both words sound the same and again these powerful words give a flow to the poem. The poet adds excitement to the poem at the end as he says â€Å"What a glorious feeling†. And dots say that more is to come but it won't come because the poem has ended. It suggests that more bad things will come. Now comparing â€Å"Stop all the clocks† which is an extract from the poem funeral blues and stinging in the rain. They have lots of characteristics in them. The poem stop all the clocks are full about emotion, pain and grief that build up the poem. Funeral blues is about the disappointment of the loss of WH Auden partners and he wants the world to explore his feeling rather than to hide it. Now stinging in the rain is the parody of the famous poem singing in the rain written by Roger Mcgough. The poem is tackling with an issue, which many people are not aware of, and not taking any precautions to stop it. So this is awareness for the people about the issue. The poem uses many techniques such as alliteration. Comparing both of them they have got their own good qualities in them. Now to the conclusion poems are just words which are written into paper. The thing, which brings it into life, is the imagination given to it. All the authors have brought that into their poem. Roger Mcgough and WH Auden have converted their feelings into words and the most wonderful thing that stroked to me is no the poem or the words of it but the techniques they use to approach to the readers. The repetition alliteration simile all brings the poem into life and these all-simple things make a big difference in the final product of the poem. In the lesson the most attracted thing to me is the immense amount of violence Roger Mcgough brought into it with all the death and blood but he didn't keep the poem raw but added humour and pun such as â€Å"First come first severed† and this was an interesting point in the poem. The authority that changes from student to the teacher and the gap of time and the words were able to attract the audience. These all are the features that made the lesson my favourite poem. The poem funeral blues written by WH Auden who was in great grief about the loss of his partner and he gave the relief to it by expressing his feeling and emotions to the world. Now to the poem stop all the cars, which were written by Roger Mcgough who gave a glimpse of hope to the fans of the cat metro, which had to stop production due to its bad review on health and safety measures. Mcgough gave hope to the fans that it was not a bad car but had the capability to attract peoples the poem was a big success. No ending it on the singing on the rain and stinging on the rain. The poem stinging on the rain was by Don Lockwood, which was a famous song. It was about a man dancing on the rain enjoying rather than many other people who were angry and disappointed with it. He enjoyed the train so much because he was in love and the great depth of love made him that rain more excited than usual and stinging in the rain id the parody of the poem, which tackles with global issues such as Acid rain and how this would affect people and exaggerating about it. Love is a concept which Roger Mcgough explores in several different poems of his. The concept of love is so intricate that the ways to express the feelings by writing it is hard but Roger Mcgough was successful. Overall the poems had great techniques and each of them was unique due to the wonderful characteristics.

Food and Culture a Cross Cultural Look at Eating Habits

Food and Culture: A Cross Cultural Look at Eating Habits No matter where we are from, eating is one of the most personal experiences of life. Everyone finds enjoyment and comfort in eating foods associated with their early days and heritage, but personal sensations and perceptions on eating are merely a fraction of the global picture. Learning about other cultures, their values, and what they seek will enhance relationships between individuals throughout communities and the nation. Eating habits provide a very conducive way for promoting mutual understanding between everyone. According to dictionary.com, food is any nourishing substance ingested in the body to provide energy and sustain life and growth. â€Å"Food habits refer to the way†¦show more content†¦Food is something so common to all, yet it denotes incredibly different ideals from table to table. Food habits are culturally consistent modes of behavior relating to food that have been established by individuals reared in a given cultural tradition (Counihan, 2008, p . 18). The specific behaviors towards food are interrelated with other culture-specific behaviors in the same community. â€Å"Humans do not nourish themselves from natural nutrients, nor from pure dietary principles, but from cultured food-stuffs, chosen and prepared according to laws of compatibility and rules of propriety unique to each cultural area† (Counihan, 2008, p. 76). Food is essential to ethnic, religious, and regional identity. Before delving into the implications of food in the diverse cultural contexts of Spain, China, and the United States, it is important to first understand the background elements of food and how it serves to establish specific cultures. There are four ways to understanding and categorize the food habits and the role of food in different cultures. They include â€Å"frequency of food consumption; ways a culture traditionally prepares and seasons food; daily, weekly, and yearly use of food; and changes in food functions that emerge duri ng structural growth in a culture† (Kittler, 2008, p. 7). The core and complementary foods model groups food together based on their rate of consumption. According to this framework, core foods are those regularly consumed in a person’sShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Cross Cultural Communication Barriers1631 Words   |  7 PagesIt is a challenge to communicate effectively with people that from different countries and cultures. Due to the different backgrounds and cultures, there are a number of barriers to effective cross-cultural communication. The same words have different meanings to people that from different cultures, even the people that speak the same language. In my own opinion, there are three aspects of cross-cultural communication barriers: they are language, behavior and emotion. 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Tuberculosis As A Lethal Disease - 1388 Words

Tuberculosis, also known as â€Å"consumption† was a lethal disease that started spreading rapidly from family to family in parts of New England in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, not much was known about the disease in those times, leading people to start to suspect that vampires were the cause of the deaths. In an effort to protect their families and community, some people resorted to old-folk remedies, rooted from Europe. They exhumed the bodies of deceased relatives who died of consumption and checked to see if they had â€Å"fresh,† circulating, liquid blood in their hearts, which would indicate that the deceased had become a vampire. They believed that one of the relatives was not completely dead and was â€Å"draining† the life of his living relatives by stealing their blood and essentially placing it in his own corpse’s heart. In order to stop further spread of the disease, once it is discovered which of the deceased had become a vampire, the corpse’s vital organs such as his heart and lungs are removed and burned to ashes. Burning the heart to ashes fastens the drying of the fresh, liquid blood, which kills the vampire for good in the process. Additionally, many believed that consuming the vampire’s burned ashes acts as a cure for the living relatives that are infected with consumption (Bell 124-140). Dracula, written by Bram Stoker in the end of the 19th century, is known by many as the most influential vampire novel to ever be written. Dracula introduces the vampire CountShow MoreRelatedEssay On Tuberculosis831 Words   |  4 Pagesmoieties for the treatment of tuberculosis and still running to enlighten more possible ways to withstand and draw a full stop to the condition, the standard reports of tuberculosis enlisting cases are still on the increment side rather to declining state. 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The Effects Of Oral Contraception On Women s Life

Issue: Approximately five years of a woman’s life is spent trying to become pregnant, being pregnant and postpartum, and thirty years is spent attempting to prevent pregnancy (Wahlin, Grindlay, Grossman, 2014). â€Å"90% of women use contraception at some point in their lives† (Wahlin et al., 2014). But still, over half of all pregnancies (55%) in Arkansas are unintended. 72.3% of these unintended births are publically funded. These unintended pregnancies cost $328.7 million a year; of this the federal government pays $266.8 million and Arkansas pays $61.9 million (Guttmacher Institute, 2016c). Summary: Oral contraceptives are accessible over the counter or from a pharmacist in over 100 countries, but at this time only two states in the United States, California and Oregon, have a law that permits women to obtain birth control from either of these sources (Wahlin et al., 2014). However, since August of 2013 the United States has allowed unrestricted access to emergency contraceptives such as, Plan B One-Step Emergency Contraceptive Levonorgestrel Tablet (Cleland, Raymond, Westley, Trussell, 2014). This contraceptive is marketed as â€Å"available over-the-counter for accessibility, convenience and peace of mind† (Walmart, n.d.). Women under the age of 18 are able to obtain a vaginal ring, hormonal birth control shots, pills, and patches from pharmacists in California and in Oregon if the pharmacist works directly with a physician (Breitenbach, 2016). Therefore, these laws replaceShow MoreRelatedSignificant Health Care Event1225 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology have always been joined at the hip. The evolution of health care services in the United States (U. S.) undoubtedly has been shaped at least in part by advancements in scientific research and knowledge, and technological innovation (Shi amp; Singh, 2012). 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First day of high school free essay sample

My first day of high school was at Riverside secondary and it was a breeze I assume kids would be anxious on the first day of high school. There are bigger kids it’s a new school new teachers that sort of thing. This didnt bother me though I had a good set of my middle school buddies and the best part was that I lived 3 minutes away so I could sleep in. My day started with me waking up energized without an annoying alarm clock buzzing in my ear. After a filling breakfast my buddy Ryan was at my door waiting to head out. He was transferring from my old school and this was like icing on the cake I didn’t get to see him as much. Since we were going to different schools, but now that had all changed. When we got to school it was pretty hectic the front lobby was full with boards carrying our schedules and kids cramming between each other trying to find theirs. We will write a custom essay sample on First day of high school or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So I went off with Ryan to look for some of my friends until it calmed down. Once we meet up with my friends and I introduced Ryan to them we got our schedules, and headed to our classes. Ryan had a class with one of my good friend, but unfortunately for me I didn’t have classes with any of my close friends. This didn’t bother me though you win some you lose some and my day was looking pretty good so far. Everything was going well. I got through first, second period, which was pretty boring the teachers just talked about the class outline, and what they expected from us but I did see some familiar faces. Then I met up with my friends for lunch and we had a good laugh and boastfully reported on which cute girls we had in our classes. The bell rang we headed to third period which blew by, and then came fourth. I don’t know why but fourth period has always felt the longest to me maybe because it was the last class of the day. Once the bell rang freeing me from boredom, I count up with my friends we hanged out for a bit before heading home. Ryan stayed at my place until he got picked up and we talked about school. My first day of high school was a breeze.

Managing Cultural Diversity A Case Analysis of Hilton Hotels Corporation

Introduction The issue of cultural diversity is increasingly attracting broad attention from academics and industry, not only in the United States but also globally.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing Cultural Diversity: A Case Analysis of Hilton Hotels Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Current globalization trends coupled with international labor migration has meant that societies, nations and organizations are becoming increasingly cross cultural (Richardson 2005), thus the need for stakeholders to adopt and harness strategic initiatives to leverage diversity as well as enhance performance and effectiveness (Ying-Chang et al 2011). The hospitality industry, in particular, is at the core of recent developments in globalization and labor migration as can be witnessed by the increasing mobility of the workforce and attempts within the industry to expand business operations to international fronti ers (Pinilla 2002). Hence, the importance of developing strategies to manage cultural diversity becomes a central guiding pillar for the industry. Aim Structure Assuming a case study approach, the present paper aims to address how Hilton Hotels Corp employs strategic initiatives in recruitment and training of multi-cultural workforce with the view to gain competitive efficiencies and enhance organizational effectiveness through managing cultural diversity. The paper begins by briefly explaining the various facets of cultural diversity and how they apply to the hospitality industry, followed by a brief overview of why organizations need to manage cultural diversity and if such management can translate to competitive advantage. The main focus of the paper, however, will be to critically analyze how the Hilton Hotels Corp uses the recruitment process and training initiatives as strategies to manage cultural diversity and hence gain competitive advantage. The paper will conclude by pro viding some recommendations that can be used by industry players to enhance competitiveness through leveraging diversity. Cultural Diversity At the most basic level, cultural diversity â€Å"†¦reflects the characteristics that make one individual culturally different from another†¦The difference encompass patterns of lifestyle, values, beliefs, ideals and practices, race, ethnicity, national origin, language and religion† (Richardson 2005, p. 24).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In organizational context, cultural diversity encompasses all groups of people at all echelons of the organization, and requires that employees are empowered with the capacity to pursue their career aspirations without being unnecessarily inhibited by the aforementioned variables, which are largely considered as irrelevant to individual performance (Kautish 2012). Cultural Diversity at Hilton Hotels Corp Before going to the basics of how Hilton manages cultural diversity, it is imperative to note that international workers are a mounting category of employees in the hospitality industry, primarily due to globalization, market expansion, high employee turnover and skills shortages (Devine et al 2007). Owing to these factors, culturally diverse workers form an invaluable new source of labor for the hospitality industry, as long as they are adequately integrated into the industry and properly managed. This prerogative, in my view, elucidates the importance of cultural diversity management within the hospitality industry. With more than 540 hotels and resorts in over 78 countries across six contnents (Hilton Hotels Resorts 2012), the Hilton Hotels Corp is undoubtedly one of the leading hospitality organizations in the world. The hospitality chain has its roots in the United States, but it has effectively used the concept of franchising to expand to all corners of the world, including popular locations such as New York, London, Paris, Beijing, Toronto and Sao Paulo, among others (Ying-Chang et al, 2011). The noted expansion implies that Hilton operates in culturally diverse geographical contexts and employs increasingly culturally diverse workforce to manage its operations and serve customers worldwide. The analysis section of this paper will focus attention on how this hotel chain uses manages cultural diversity through recruitment processes and training initiatives to enhance competitive efficiencies. The Need to Manage Cultural Diversity Pinilla (2002) argues that â€Å"†¦the new labor and economic contexts have led the hospitality industry to face an increasingly culturally diverse workforce† (p. 26). Such cultural variations, if not properly managed, can destroy the harmonious functioning of global hospitality organizations and also render labor and employment practices in these firms sub-optimal (Stevens Ogunji 2011).Adver tising We will write a custom report sample on Managing Cultural Diversity: A Case Analysis of Hilton Hotels Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More importantly, research has found that a diverse workforce, if properly managed, provides organization with an expanded pool of talent and experience which not only drives innovation and change but ultimately leads to competitive advantages (Adu-Febiri 2006; Cox Blake 1991). Consequently, there exists compelling evidence that managing cultural diversity in contemporary firms is one of the most important components of organizational success. Advantages Disadvantages of Managing Cultural Diversity Among the advantages, a stream of emerging literature demonstrates that hospitality organizations that have adopted cultural diversity management as part of the business strategy are more successful and are able to attain competitive advantage over others, particularly in terms of e mployee empowerment, creation of a corporate culture that is respectful and inclusive, and facilitating employees to employ their unique knowledge to expand the organization’s knowledge base (Cox Blake 1991; Richardson 2005). Conversely, according to these authors, organizational effectiveness is put in jeopardy if managers are incapable of managing cultural diversity, more so in limiting the organizations’ capacity to embrace the innovation that is extremely fundamental for developing and maintaining sustainable competitive efficiencies. Extending on these studies, Stevens and Ogunji (2011) argue that managing cultural diversity assists hospitality organizations to penetrate broader competitive arena and compete in diverse markets, not mentioning that it makes it possible for these organizations to promote flexibility and rapid response to organizational change. Additionally, effective management of cultural diversity prevents workplace discrimination and prejudice, enabling employees to make full use of their skills and capabilities for optimal output (Roper Brookes 1997). Lastly, effective management of cultural diversity enhances the organization’s ability to respond to cultural preferences in local markets, improves decision making processes through wider choice of perspectives and more thorough analysis, and enhances organizational flexibility to adequately respond to multiple demands and shifting business environments (Richardson 2005; Kautish 2012).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among the disadvantages, cultural diversity is known to cause communication difficulties (Shen et al 2009), increases ambiguity, complexity and confusion (Adu-Febiri, 2006), limits management’s choice in decision making, affects technology transfer and management ideology and value system, and triggers over generalization of organizational policies, strategies, practices and procedures (Kautish 2012). Analysis Discussion This section analyze and discuss how Hilton Hotels Corp, based in the United States but running hospitality subsidiaries across six continents, employs strategic initiatives in recruitment and training to manage its workforce with the view to gain competitive efficiencies and enhance organizational effectiveness. Recruitment The main objective â€Å"†¦of effective recruiting is to attract strong candidates who are prepared both to meet the agency’s strategic goals and priorities and to work in the agency’s environment† (Building and Maintaining 2000, para. 16). Hilton Hotels Corp (thereafter referred to as Hilton) has realized that broadening its employee base and enlisting a diverse workforce not only expands the organization’s pool of talent, innovativeness, experience, and insight, but also provides it with the requisite inputs to excel in the international business environment (Wise, 2011). Consequently, the organization has developed recruitment policies and processes that guarantee representation of minority groups and individuals with unique talents across diverse cultures. In its franchising policy, Hilton has embedded a recruitment strategy that avails an opportunity for locals to manage and work its numerous franchises, provided they operate within the guidelines set by the organizations and business strategy (Ying-Chang, 2011). As such, local managers and employees are better placed to fulfill the demands and expectations of customers, providing the organization with a competitive edge over o ther industry players. Such a recruitment policy, according to Ma Allen (2009), enables the organization to reduce costs associated with recruiting expatriates to run local hotel franchises, and also enhances the organization’s capacity to recruit employees of diverse national backgrounds and host country elites. Hilton’s recruitment policies are totally cultural sensitive, implying that candidates are recruited based on their qualifications regardless not only on their age and gender, but also on their religious orientation, ethic origin and nationality (Ying-Chang et al 2011). The organization takes cognizance of the fact that as multiculturalism of workforce increases and global demand for cultural-specific services from consumers intensifies, the development and implementation of culturally sensitive recruitment techniques becomes more than ever valuable and important for players in the hotel and hospitality sector. By recognizing that cultural differences exist b etween the recruiter and potential candidates, particularly where such recruitment is done on ethnic minority groups, it is important for management to undertake consultative and participative recruitment process in line with Holfstede’s small power distance attribute of his cultural dimensions (Holfstede et al 2010). Additionally, as is the norm in Hilton’s recruitment policies, managers recruiting from diverse backgrounds should be encouraged to use variable management and organizational behavior techniques which harmonize the varying needs of culturally diverse candidates to prevent any form of discrimination and to ensure that they are able to identify talent regardless of the individual’s cultural background (Seymen 2006; Ma Allen, 2009). This implies that authority and decision-making in recruitment process must be decentralized to local subsidiaries in line with one of Holfstede’s small power distance attributes in his cultural dimensions (Holfste de et al 2010). At Hilton, recruitment is not done from the head office; rather authority to recruit key staff to run international subsidiaries is decentralized to the local managers in a bid to achieve competitive efficiencies through the recruitment of local members of staff, who are undeniably well versed with local business trends and practices (Ying-Chang et al 2011). Such a recruitment initiative facilitates the selected workers to not only respond effectively to cultural preferences in local markets but also bring into the organization high levels of creativity and innovation through diversity of perspectives and less emphasis on centralized rules (Seymen, 2006). Training Training forms one of the foremost strategies that organizations use to assist employees to increase awareness and sensitivities to culturally diverse groups with the view to enhance organizational competitiveness and success (Seymen 2006; Adu-Febiri, 2006). To borrow from the power-distance dimension of Ho lfstede’s cultural dimension, minority workers may have the perception that they are less powerful and, as such, expect organizational power and authority to be distributed unequally within the organizational context (Holfstede et al 2010). However, a strand of existing literature demonstrates that training initiatives have been successful in empowering minority employees to give their best without regard to existing cultural differences (Devine et al 2007) , hence contributing to competitive advantage. The Hilton Hotels Corp engages in bi-annual training of employees to recognize cultural differences among the workforce and to utilize them to generate advantages for the hospitality organization. In these forums, the management is involved in training employees to respect ethnic, racial, religious, gender and age differences, along with their contractual, training and employing practices (Groschl, 2011). This form of training has been instrumental in lowering employee turnove r and increasing productivity in the hospitality industry (Pinilla 2002). Formal training in cultural diversity issues has also enhanced organizational flexibility by empowering culturally diverse employees to respond effectively to multiple demands and shifting work environments that are characteristic of the hospitality industry (Richardson 2005). Apart from the bi-annual training sessions for employees, the management of different Hilton franchises publishes and disseminates booklets and brochures intended to form the basis of employee behavior during interactions within a multicultural context. Rules of engagement as well standards of etiquette are well espoused in these mediums of communication to enable the workers deal with variant situations as they arise in the work environment, leading to better cooperation and collaboration among culturally-diverse employees as well as superior customer satisfaction (The Hilton Family, n.d.). In addition, the hospitality organization trai ns foreign employees on the use of a second language, which may be the official language used by locals. Such training, according to Ma Allen (2009, facilitates faster integration between management expatriates and local members of staff, leading to achievement of competitive efficiencies. Conclusion Recommendations This paper has sufficiently demonstrated how Hilton Hotels Corp has been able to employ recruitment and training strategies to manage cultural diversity. Many organizations within the hospitality industry are increasingly becoming multicultural due to globalization trends and international migration of labor, hence the need for hospitality organizations to engage such strategies to achieve competitive advantage and effectiveness. However, it is recommended that the management of Hilton engage local stakeholders in creating an environment of inclusion and values differences, and in assigning adequate recruitment and training resources to existing diversity programs. Add itionally, it is imperative for the hospitality organization to make employees an integral component of its efforts to plan and implement cultural diversity initiatives. Reference List Adu-Febiri, F 2006, ‘The destiny of cultural diversity in a globalized world’, Review of Human Factor Studies, vol. 12 no. 1, pp. 30-64. Building and maintaining a diverse workforce 2000, Retrieved from https://www.opm.gov/ Cox, T.H Blake, S 1991, ‘Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness’, Academy of Management Executive, vol. 5 no. 3, pp. 45-56. Devine, F, Baum, T, Hearns, N Devine, A 2007, ‘Cultural diversity in hospitality work: The Northern Ireland experience’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 18 no. 2, pp. 333-349. Hilton Hotels Resorts 2012, Retrieved from https://www3.hilton.com/en/about/index.html Holfstede, G, Holfstede, G.J Minkov, M 2010, Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind, 3rd ed, Mc-Graw Hill, London. Jin-Zhao, W Jing, W 2009, ‘Issues, challenges, and trends facing hospitality industry’, Management Science Engineering, vol. 3 no. 4, pp. 53-58. Kautish, P.V 2012, ‘Paradigm of workforce diversity and human resource management’, The Indian Journal of Management, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 37-41. Ma, R Allen, D.G 2009, ‘Recruiting across cultures: A value-based model of recruitment’, Human Resource Management Review, vol. 19 no. 4, pp. 334-346. Pinilla, G.H 2002, Are the selection methods used by the hospitality industry culturally sensitive. Web. Richardson, P 2005, ‘Managing cultural diversity for competitive advantage’, Engineering Management, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 24-27. Roper, A Brookes, M 1997, ‘The multicultural management of international hotel groups’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 16 no. 2, pp. 147-159. Seymen, O.A 2006, ‘The cultural diversity phenomenon in organizations and different approaches for effective cultural diversity management: A literally review’, Cross Cultural Communication: An International Journal, vol. 13 no. 4, pp. 296-315. Shen, J, Chanda, A., D’Nello, B Monga, M 2009, ‘Managing diversity through human resource management: An international perspective and conceptual framework’, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 20 no. 2, pp. 235-251. Stevens, R.H Ogunji, E 2011, ‘Preparing business students for multi-cultural work environment of the future: A teaching agenda, ‘International Journal of Management, vol. 28 no. 2, pp. 528-544. The Hilton Family n.d., Where diversity works, Web. Wise, M.Z 2011, Reinventing the Hilton Hotel, Retrieved from https://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/reinventing-the-hilton-hotel Ying-Chang, C, Cheng, W.W Chien, C.Y 2011, ‘A case study on business performance management of Hilton Hotels Corp’, International Bus iness Research, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 213-218. This report on Managing Cultural Diversity: A Case Analysis of Hilton Hotels Corporation was written and submitted by user Fiona Knowles to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.